How to

How to

Use search engines, we chose this first because of it's importance on the internet.

There are hundreds of different search engines on the internet but they all follow a similar path giving you their results.

They are usually listed by topic then categories then more categories then even more categories.

Don't be afraid to tell a search engine exactly what you are looking for.

For example, if you want information about Windows 98 bugs, search for "Windows 98 bugs," not "Windows." Or even better, search for exactly what the problem is: "I can't install a USB device in Windows 98," for example. You'll be surprised at how often this works.

Using The + Symbol to Add

Sometimes, you want to make sure that a search engine finds pages that have all the words you enter, not just some of them. The + symbol lets you do this.

For example, imagine you want to find pages that have references to both President Clinton and Kenneth Starr on the same page. You could search this way:

+clinton +starr

Only pages that contain both words would appear in your results. Here are some other examples:

+windows +98 +bugs

That would find pages that have all three of the words on them, helpful if you wanted to narrow down a search to Windows 98 bugs, rather than on Windows 98 in general.

+star +trek +insurrection

That would get you pages about Star Trek that also specifically mention "Insurrection," the title of a Star Trek film.

The + symbol is especially helpful when you do a search and then find yourself overwhelmed with information. Imagine that you wanted to reserve a camping space in California's Yosemite National Park. You might start out simply searching like this:

yosemite

If so, chances are, you'll probably get too many off-target results. Instead, try searching for all the words you know must appear on the type of page you're looking for:

+yosemite +camping +reservations

Using The - Symbol to Subtract

Sometimes, you want a search engine to find pages that have one word on them but not another word. The - symbol lets you do this.

For example, imagine you want information about President Clinton but don't want to be overwhelmed by pages relating to the Monica Lewinsky scandal. You could search this way:

clinton -lewinsky

That tells the search engine to find pages that mention "clinton" and then to remove any of them that also mention "lewinsky."

Similarly, perhaps you are looking for information specifically about Windows 95 but keep getting pages about Windows 98 or Windows 3.1. You could eliminate them with a search like this:

windows -98 -3.1

Perhaps you are a fan of the original Star Trek series but instead keep finding pages about Voyager, Deep Space Nine or Star Trek: The Next Generation. Try a search like this:

star trek -voyager -deep -space -nine -next -generation

In general, the - symbol is helpful for focusing results when you get too many that are unrelated to your topic. Simply begin subtracting terms you know are not of interest, and you should get better results.

Using Quotation Marks To Multiply

Now that you know how to add and subtract terms, we can move on to multiplication. As in normal math, multiplying terms through a "phrase search" can be a much better way to get the answers you are looking for.

For example, remember above when we wanted pages about reserving a campsite in Yosemite? We entered all the terms like this:

+yosemite +camping +reservations

That brings back pages that have all those words on them, but there's no guarantee that the words may necessarily be near each other. You could get a page that mentions Yosemite in the opening paragraph but then later talks about getting camping reservations in the Grand Canyon. All the words you added together would appear on this page, but it still might not be what you are looking for.

Doing a phrase search avoids this problem. This is where you tell a search engine to give you pages where the terms appear in exactly the order you specify. You do this by putting quotation marks around the phrase, like this:

"yosemite camping reservations"

Now, only pages that have all the words and in the exact order shown above will be listed. The answers should be much more on target than with simple addition.

Likewise, remember this addition example?

+windows +98 +bugs

As you can imagine, multiplying the terms together within a phrase search would work better, because that exact phrase probably appears on good pages dealing with Windows 98 bugs. So try this:

"windows 98 bugs"

Remember the search for information about the latest Star Trek movie? We could transform that into a phrase search like this:

"star trek insurrection"

But the movie's title actually has a colon after the word "trek," and many pages might also follow this format. Thus, a better phrase search might be:

"star trek: insurrection"

Combining Symbols

Once you've mastered adding, subtracting and multiplying, you can combine symbols to easily create targeted searches.

For example, remember the person who wanted pages only about Star Trek's original series? We searched this way:

star trek -voyager -deep -space -nine -next -generation

A better search might use subtraction and multiplication:

"star trek" -voyager -"deep space nine" -"next generation"

Wildcards (*)

You can search for plurals or variations of words using a wildcard character. It is also a great way to search if you don’t know the spelling of a word.

The * symbol is used as the wildcard symbol at several major search engines. The format looks like this:

sing* finds singing and sings
theat* finds theater and theatre

Some of the search engines offering wildcard search also support what is called "stemming." That means they will find terms like "singing" even if you only enter "sing." This also means you may not need to use a wildcard symbol.

Below are some important additional details about wildcard searching at specific search engines.

AOL Search

At AOL Search, the ? symbol serves as a wildcard and will replace any single character, such as:

s?ng matches sing, sang, song

This only works to find matches in AOL Search's Open Directory information. It does not work to bring back matches from Inktomi-powered listings, as explained further below.

Inktomi

Inktomi has two wildcard commands. The * symbol will match one or more characters, such as:

sing* matches sings, singers, singing

The ? symbol matches any single character, and you can use it more than once. For instance:

s?ng matches sing, sang, song

??ng matches ring, rang, sing, sang and any other four letter word ending in ng

Both commands only work reliably at iWon, at the time of this writing. They fail to function properly at AOL Search, HotBot, MSN Search or LookSmart to bring up matches from within the Inktomi listings that they use.

They also do not appear to bring up matches in wildcard fashion from any of the other data sets these services use, with the exception of AOL Search (see AOL Search section, above).

Northern Light

Like Inktomi above, Northern Light has two wildcard commands. The * symbol will match one or more characters, while % is used to match just a single character.

Anchor Search

Some search engines allow you to search specifically within the "anchor" or "link" text that appears on a web page. For example, consider this example:

Click Here For The Mars Exploration Web Site

Notice the words "Mars Exploration Web Site" are all contained within the hyperlink? This is the anchor text or the link text.

Proximity

Some search engines let you indicate how close words should appear to each other. Most people do not need this type of control. Usually, phrase searching is all you need.

More Power Search Commands

Several of the major search engines offer additional commands that allow you to search by media type, to search within ALT text or link text, and other types of queries. In particular, these services are notable in offering expanded features:

AltaVista
Inktomi-powered services
Google
Northern Light

Explore the help pages and advanced search forms at each service to better understand the additional options that are available.

Ed's Bandwagon assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the linked content. The end user is solely responsible for the interpretation and use of the information and should consult with additional parties as required.

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